IPMAT (I) 2022 VARC | Previous Year IPMAT - Indore Paper
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Read the following passage and choose the answer that is closest to each of the questions that are based on the passage.
Bananas, apples, and avocados continue to ripen after they are picked. Cherries, blackberries, and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric fruits (the former) and non-climacteric fruits (the latter) matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must make sure their wares are in tip-top condition when they arrive at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.
Two biologists of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants-how best to spread their progeny around. Wrapping their seeds in a sugary pulp to provide a tasty meal serves as a way to get animals to do this for them. They do, however, need to make sure that their fruits favour the animals most likely to do the distributing. The biologists propose that climacterism, or its absence, is a way to achieve this. If ground-dwelling animals are the main distributors, then the continuing ripening of fallen fruit (i.e., climacterism) is beneficial. If, by contrast, those distributors are arboreal or aerial, and so can feed on unfallen fruit, then non-climacteric fruits will do well.
To test their idea, the two researchers studied 80 varieties of fruits, and noted which animals each depended on for its propagation. 35 of these fruits, eaten by both ground-dwelling animals and arboreal or aerial animals, were non-climacteric. Further, 15 of the 19 varieties eaten principally by ground-dwellers were climacteric, while 21 of the 26 fed on by arboreal or aerial animals were non-climacteric.
That is a suggestively strong correlation. And the authors' hypothesis is fortified by other evidence. They point out that non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colours, especially reds and purples. This may help them to stand out amid the foliage of their parent plants, advertising their presence. Climacteric fruits are generally better camouflaged. That makes them harder to spot until they have fallen to the ground.
The main limitation of their work is that they looked at fruits eaten by people. This has probably contaminated the sample, for thousands of years of selective breeding for traits that human beings find appealing may have blurred any signal optimised by natural selection. The next step, therefore, should be the analysis of wild fruits.
The main point the writer makes is that fruit-bearing plants
- A.
of all kinds need to be studied, not just those consumed by humans.
- B.
and other plant species' propagation cannot be studied accurately.
- C.
are better protected than other plant species and can propagate easily.
- D.
have the same problems in propagation as other plants.
Solution
Discuss
ReportThe study has been based on
- A.
fruits that are consumed by humans.
- B.
fruits available at the University of Tokyo.
- C.
wild fruits consumed by animals.
- D.
fruits sourced by greengrocers.
Which one of the following options means "arboreal" and "camouflage"?
- A.
tree-dwelling and disguised
- B.
ground-dwelling and hidden
- C.
protected and fortified
- D.
covered and variegated
The origins of the distinguishing characteristics between the two types of fruits, climacteric and non-climacteric are
- A.
nebulous in spite of research.
- B.
clear now as a result of this research.
- C.
trivial at this stage.
- D.
dependent on researcher observation.
According to the passage, the interest in the difference between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is in the
- A.
commercial context.
- B.
environmental context.
- C.
gastronomical context.
- D.
public health context.
Consider the following two Findings:
(i) Non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colours.
(ii) Thirty-six varieties of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits were eaten predominantly either by ground-dwellers, or by arboreal or aerial animals respectively.
According to the passage,
- A.
Finding (i) provides main evidence and Finding (ii) provides supplementary evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
- B.
Both Findings (i) and (ii) provide supplementary evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
- C.
Both Findings (i) and (ii) provide main evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
- D.
Finding (i) provides supplementary evidence and Finding (ii) provides main evidence confirming the hypothesis of the biologists.
Read the following passage and choose the answer that is closest to each of the questions that are based on the passage.
On the 14th of May 1796, vaccine matter was taken from the hand of a dairy maid, Sarah Nelmes, and inserted by two superficial incisions in the arms of James Phipps, a healthy boy of about eight years of age. The boy went through an attack of cowpox as expected. After this, however, it was necessary to determine whether he was protected from smallpox. After waiting two months Jenner inoculated him with material from a smallpox patient. He was delighted to note that the boy was not affected by smallpox.
By 1798, Jenner had succeeded in demonstrating the protective quality of the cowpox virus against smallpox, by putting on record details of 23 cases, contracted either casually or by direct inoculation. Sixteen of these had occurred accidentally among dairy workers in the course of occupations connected with cows and horses; the rest were done under Jenner's direction. Among the persons inoculated was Jenner's own little second son, Robert Harding Jenner, an infant eleven months old. Jenner demonstrated conclusively that the cowpox protects the human constitution from the infection of smallpox.
After Dr. Jenner had made his tests, he prepared a pamphlet for publication. He also went to London, so that he might have the opportunity to introduce the subject personally to friends and demonstrate the truth of his assertion to them. He remained in London for nearly three months without being able to find anyone who would submit to vaccination. Jenner went back to Gloucestershire, disappointed. It happened, however, that soon after his return home, a distinguished London surgeon named Cline resolved to make a trial of the vaccine material which Jenner had left with his friends.
The patient was a child suffering from a form of chronic hip-joint disease. The vaccine material was inoculated, and the vaccine vehicle ran rather a normal course and healed fully. The little patient was afterward inoculated with smallpox virus and found to be incapable of acquiring that disease. This case attracted considerable attention. The child was in a run-down condition, and the vaccine material might very well have provoked a rather serious local reaction. In a way, the fate of vaccination hung in the balance and good luck was in its favour. Mr. Cline, however, after this, became a strong advocate of vaccination, and brought it very decidedly before the London physicians.
It was not long before the opposition to the practice of vaccination took definite form. One of the best-known London physicians of the time, Dr. Ingenhouz, became the leader of a strong faction of the medical profession of London, who not only would have nothing to do with vaccination, but proclaimed openly that it was a dangerous innovation, absolutely unjustifiable, and communicated a disease without protecting against any other. Dr. Watt from Glasgow blamed the vaccine for the increase in severe cases of measles and measles-related deaths among children.
Fortunately, only a few colleagues were so illogical, and an excellent idea of how much Jenner's discovery was appreciated by his contemporaries may be obtained from the number of honours, diplomas, addresses and communications from public bodies and distinguished individuals which he received. Most of the prominent medical and scientific societies of Europe elected him a member or sent him some special token of recognition.
'Local reaction' refers to
- A.
adverse reaction caused by injections.
- B.
adverse comments and protests by people from that location.
- C.
encouraging reaction from local doctors.
- D.
encouraging reaction from the people of the locality.
Jenner received a lot of recognition from medical bodies because
- A.
fortunately, only a few colleagues were illogical enough to reject him.
- B.
most of his colleagues realised the effectiveness of his work.
- C.
Dr. Watt could not prove that vaccination caused measles.
- D.
medical societies across Europe regularly engaged in tokenism.
According to the author, the main idea in the passage is
- A.
scientific breakthroughs are more likely to happen in major urban centres.
- B.
documentation is key for disseminating science.
- C.
to explore the causes for vaccine hesitancy.
- D.
chance and risk play a part in the success of scientific experiments.
On returning from London, Dr. Jenner was disappointed because
- A.
his friends responded negatively to the vaccine.
- B.
he was unsuccessful in replicating the experiment due to lack of volunteers.
- C.
his friends would not agree with his findings on the vaccine.
- D.
the vaccine did not receive any recognition, rewards, or a patent.
Twenty-three cases were put on record with the objective to explain very clearly that
- A.
the cowpox vaccine protected the patients from another deadly disease.
- B.
Dr. Jenner was ready to go to any extent, even testing the vaccine on his own son.
- C.
accidental contraction of cowpox happens among dairy workers.
- D.
it is beneficial to immunity if we work with cows and horses.
By calling the vaccine unjustifiable, Dr. Ingenhouz meant that vaccination
- A.
made people sick and failed to provide general immunity.
- B.
was an injustice against those on whom it was tested.
- C.
was being carried out without any legal basis.
- D.
actually spread the disease to a large population.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word/phrase from the options given below.
Some of the best spies take the guise of innocuous secretaries or researchers and are able to send large amounts of information to their heads of espionage, as they are ________________________.
- A.
hiding in plain sight
- B.
hiding documents very craftily
- C.
hiding from watchful eyes
- D.
hiding within everyone's sight
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word/phrase from the options given below.
Ever since Girish won the prestigious Infosys prize, he has been behaving _______________________.
- A.
ambitiously
- B.
condescendingly
- C.
overly
- D.
controversially
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word/phrase from the options given below.
Flying this simple aeroplane is a ________________ for the experienced pilot.
- A.
left-handed game
- B.
piece of cake
- C.
left-handed sport
- D.
slice of cake
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word/phrase from the options given below.
For the past three decades, this chain of coffee shops has been committed to building a culture where everyone is welcome. They are an ally to the LGBTQ community, and this is just one instance of their ________________.
- A.
inclusivity and diversity
- B.
mindfulness and objectivity
- C.
discriminatory practices
- D.
discretionary practices
Leela is always nasty and inconsiderate with her colleagues; now that she has a rude superior, she is getting _____________.
- A.
a spoon of her own medicine
- B.
a taste of her own medicine
- C.
an unpleasant medicine dose
- D.
a dose of bitter medicine
She _______________________ her classmates because she comes from a very rich, aristocratic family.
- A.
looks up to
- B.
looks towards
- C.
looks away from
- D.
looks down on
I still have two more difficult exams left, but I'm trying to __________________; after these I won't have any more for a year!
- A.
look on the bright side
- B.
think upon the sunny side
- C.
look forward to the bright side
- D.
think about the sunny side
In each of the following sentences, the incorrect part of the sentence is underlined. Choose an alternative from the four given options so that the sentence is rendered correct.
If I had known that you needed to go to the airport yesterday, I could drive you there.
- A.
should have driven you there.
- B.
would have driven you there.
- C.
would drive you there.
- D.
should drive you there.
The Principal and professors are authorized to sanction leave to a student provided she will have a good attendance record.
- A.
provided she has a good attendance record.
- B.
provided she will have a good attendance record.
- C.
provided she had a good attendance record.
- D.
provided that a good attendance record is maintained by her.
When all the words on the page got scrambled, she quickly pressed undo, after which the document reverted back to its original state.
- A.
document reverted back to it's original state.
- B.
document reverted back to original state.
- C.
document reverted to it's original state.
- D.
document reverted to its original state.
His talk on heritage sites has picked up my interest.
- A.
aroused
- B.
adopted
- C.
caught
- D.
brightened
He was having a difficult time, but never once he complained.
- A.
not once did he complain.
- B.
not once did he give the complaint.
- C.
not once any complaining happened.
- D.
not once he complained.
Each of the paragraphs given below has a sentence missing which is indicated by a blank. From the choices given below each paragraph, choose the sentence that seems most logically appropriate to complete the paragraph.
This winter, I wish to go to the beaches for a holiday. I think I will go to Goa, India's most well-known beach holiday destination. It is about 600 km away from Mumbai, so reaching there is not a major problem. ___________________________. The major Goan beaches are tourist attractions and have some good beach-view hotels and plenty of shops selling touristy things such as beach robes, hats, jewellery, bags, and more.
- A.
There are buses that ply at night, there are both day and night trains, and one can always hire a car and reach there in comfort in about 10 hours.
- B.
A great getaway place, it offers an interesting variety of food, sightseeing options, flea markets, and some wonderful Indo-Portuguese buildings.
- C.
One of the great things about a holiday in Goa is that we can be as lazy as we want, relaxing all day, sunbathing, sipping juice, and trying out different Goan tidbits.
- D.
Some major beaches are Baga, Bogmalo, Candolim, Calangute, and Dona Paula, where adventure sports activities like water skiing and scuba diving are organized.
Nowadays, many teenagers and young adults around the world have to spend most of their time studying in order to get top grades, a university place, and a good job. ________________________________. There are several causes for this situation, one of the main ones being exams. These are stressful experiences, and most students take a huge number of them during their school career.
- A.
Therefore, studying while you are exhausted is unproductive.
- B.
Therefore, it would be better to learn how to apply the knowledge gained.
- C.
For this reason, there is often little time left for hobbies or socializing.
- D.
For this reason, the education system has to change for the welfare of the students.
__________________________________________. In Southeast Asia, for example, climate and lifestyle factors mean that people spend much more time in shopping malls than Europeans do, who might go shopping once a fortnight. Then there are gender variations in the way we shop. As descendants of hunter-gatherers, accumulating is in our blood, but how you go about it depends on whether you are male or female.
- A.
By and large, people enjoy shopping and comparing brands and prices.
- B.
Retail stores constantly offer promotional discounts to entice shoppers.
- C.
When it comes to shopping, men hunt, and women gather.
- D.
Culture plays an important role in shaping the shopping experience.
The people of the Indus Valley civilization wrote with a script. So far scholars have been unable to decipher that script. Archaeologists who have been excavating newly discovered sites in Mesopotamia hope to find a text that has scripts from both the Indus valley and Mesopotamia, the second of which has already been deciphered. __________________.
- A.
They will then be able to decode the Indus valley language.
- B.
They will then be able to decide which civilization was older.
- C.
The nature of relationships between the two will come to light.
- D.
They can then prove that there was trade between the two.
The sentences below have words that are missing. Choose the best option from those given below to complete the sentence.
The beauty of ______________ is that it poses thought-provoking questions and inspires us to think deeply about _____________ and life in general. Further, ______________ about the ideas and perspectives outlined by different thinkers can help us to gain a better _______________ of the world we live in.
- A.
philosophy; ourselves; pondering; understanding
- B.
orthography; writing; speaking; perspective
- C.
linguistics; language; cogitating; picture
- D.
history; animals; mulling; acquaintance
Everyday more than 1 billion promotional messages are sent that are commercial and ___________________. Although _______________ have used more technology to stop this, ________________ find ways around it.
- A.
unsolicited; regulators; spammers
- B.
inescapable; governments; advertisers
- C.
informative; authorities; promoters
- D.
educational; firewalls; hackers
Visually strong, __________________ films of the 1920s are _______________ preserved and suffer from censorship cuts, leading to the __________________ that they were primitive and barely watchable.
- A.
classic; dispassionately; conclusion
- B.
action-packed; badly; accusation
- C.
monochrome; barely; observation
- D.
silent; poorly; misconception
Achieving spaceflight enabled humans to begin to explore the solar system and the rest of the _______________, to understand the many objects and ____________ that are better observed from a space perspective, and to use for human benefit the resources and attributes of the space environment. All of these activities - discovery, scientific understanding, and the ______________ of that understanding to serve human purposes - are elements of space ________________.
- A.
configuration; elements; functioning; vastness
- B.
galaxy; ideologies; enormity; visualisation
- C.
cosmos; materials; principles; identification
- D.
universe; phenomena; application; exploration
The investigators have _____________ that he had leaked confidential _______________ information about the acquisition, thereby allowing associates to profit _________________ from the deal.
- A.
discovered; internal; enormously
- B.
alleged; insider; illicitly
- C.
accused; important; dramatically
- D.
announced; financial; treacherously
In an anthropocentric ______________, animals are no more than property to human beings. Therefore, the concepts of 'humane' treatment and 'necessary' __________ are economic in nature. The idea that killing animals is not a serious issue as long as animals are not made to suffer rests ___________ on the widely accepted idea that animals do not have a right to life.
- A.
belief; well-being; partially
- B.
construct; comfort; somewhat
- C.
universe; gain; entirely
- D.
worldview; suffering; explicitly
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
There was a scenic spot not very far from our cottage where we used to go for picnics.
- B.
Such a spot on his career was difficult to ignore when deciding promotions.
- C.
He was unsure if he could respond to the question asked; fortunately, his answer was spot on.
- D.
She wanted to make a good impression but, at the last moment, she discovered a spot of ink on her collar.
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
When the women were asked to join the protest, they refused to collaborate.
- B.
Some treacherous relatives of Indian rulers collaborated with the British Empire.
- C.
She interviewed many teens to collaborate her thesis on their mental health issues.
- D.
The policeman collaborated with the film makers who were shooting a crime thriller.
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
It was a long journey by road, and they had yet to find a boat that would help them to cross the river.
- B.
We were told that she had lived through tough times which made her cross and cranky as she grew older.
- C.
The mistakes of his youth are the cross that he has to bear for the rest of his life.
- D.
Although he thinks he is the life of the party, his remarks are insensitive, and his jokes are vulgar, cross, and crude.
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
The orchestra decided to flout tradition and played their instruments wearing ordinary clothes.
- B.
The problems caused by flouting rules are many, but some people do not care.
- C.
She flouted her designer wear and accessories in front of her classmates.
- D.
Her fault was that she flouted the dress code and refused to wear the uniform.
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
The cricket match was heading for a draw, when the batsman hit a sixer and our team won.
- B.
He was lucky enough to win the draw in the lottery, where the prize was a rare painting.
- C.
He used to keep all his important documents in the draw of his cupboard.
- D.
As he was very old, he didn't have the strength to draw water from the well near his house.
One of the statements below contains a word used incorrectly. Choose the option which has the incorrect or inappropriate usage of the word.
- A.
Her admirers considered her demeanour to be of great state and refinement, and most impressive.
- B.
Uttar Pradesh, being the most densely populated state in India, has the highest number of representatives in Parliament.
- C.
The judicial magistrate asked the prosecuting lawyer to state the grounds on which the defendant had been arrested.
- D.
The state of his grandfather's health was critical, but it was difficult for him to get in touch with all the members of the family.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided. Only numbers are to be entered in the space provided for the answer, and no other letters or characters should be entered. For example, a response such as 3412 or 25143 is valid, and a response such as 3412. or 25143. is invalid.
- A sub-par monsoon cuts farm yields, output, and farm incomes, increasing the country's dependence on food imports.
- A robust monsoon will help put a lid on food inflation by increasing domestic output of a variety of goods and commodities.
- This is because half the Indian population depends upon farm-derived income.
- The June-to-September rain-bearing system is often called the lifeblood of the country's economy.
- Unfortunately, however, nearly 40% of India's net sown area does not have access to irrigation.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided. Only numbers are to be entered in the space provided for the answer, and no other letters or characters should be entered. For example, a response such as 3412 or 25143 is valid, and a response such as 3412. or 25143. is invalid.
- The popularity of these creations grew along with that of the tea ceremony in the 16th century.
- However, savvy tourists find the best bargains for ceramics in Tokyo's Kitchen Town.
- Modern shops in touristy spots display thousands of them, both hand crafted and factory made.
- Japanese artisans have been making ceramics, known as Yakimono since prehistoric times.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided. Only numbers are to be entered in the space provided for the answer, and no other letters or characters should be entered. For example, a response such as 3412 or 25143 is valid, and a response such as 3412. or 25143. is invalid.
- This means the brain receives less input over the course of a day.
- Youthful eyes jiggle regularly to take in new or unfamiliar stimuli.
- As the person attached to those eyes ages, the eye muscles grow slower and the pathways between the eye and the brain grow longer, more complex, or, in some cases, get damaged.
- Our eyes quickly scan the surroundings and then send the data to the brain.
- Human eyes perform jiggles, more formally called saccades, in response to a change in the field of vision.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided. Only numbers are to be entered in the space provided for the answer, and no other letters or characters should be entered. For example, a response such as 3412 or 25143 is valid, and a response such as 3412. or 25143. is invalid.
- Located in the foothills of the Sion Fort, the lake is a Grade II-A heritage structure, dating back to the 17th century.
- Once home to several marine creatures, the lake is now surrounded by high-rise residential buildings.
- The Municipal Corporation is set to breathe life back into the city's Sion Talao (Lake) with the rejuvenation and beautification of the centuries-old lake.
- Over the years, the lake has lost its prominence.
- Earlier the talao was a known natural water tank with the Sion hillock expanding around it like an enclosing wall.
The sentences given below, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the most logical order and enter the sequence of numbers in the space provided. Only numbers are to be entered in the space provided for the answer, and no other letters or characters should be entered. For example, a response such as 3412 or 25143 is valid, and a response such as 3412. or 25143. is invalid.
- The Central African Republic has approved Bitcoin as an official currency.
- Experts foresee that this will damage the environment as well as the economy.
- Others claim that this may make money laundering easy and also use up a lot of electricity.
- Economists criticised this move as a potential risk to the financial stability of the nation.