Para Jumbles - Previous Year CAT/MBA Questions
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The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
1. Complex computational elements of the CNS are organized according to a “nested” hierarchic criterion; the organization is not permanent and can change dynamically from moment to moment as they carry out a computational task.
2. Echolocation in bats exemplifies adaptation produced by natural selection; a function not produced by natural selection for its current use is exaptation --feathers might have originally arisen in the context of selection for insulation.
3. From a structural standpoint, consistent with exaptation, the living organism is organized as a complex of “Russian Matryoshka Dolls” -- smaller structures are contained within larger ones in multiple layers.
4. The exaptation concept, and the Russian-doll organization concept of living beings deduced from studies on evolution of the various apparatuses in mammals, can be applied for the most complex human organ: the central nervous system (CNS).
Solution
Discuss
ReportFive sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.
- One argument is that actors that do not fit within a single, well-defined category may suffer an “illegitimacy discount”.
- Others believe that complex identities confuse audiences about an organization’s role or purpose.
- Some organizations have complex and multidimensional identities that span or combine categories, while other organizations possess narrow identities.
- Identity is one of the most important features of organizations, but there exist opposing views among sociologists about how identity affects organizational performance.
- Those who think that complex identities are beneficial point to the strategic advantages of ambiguity, and organizations’ potential to differentiate themselves from competitors.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- We’ll all live under mob rule until then, which doesn’t help anyone.
- Perhaps we need to learn to condense the feedback we receive online so that 100 replies carry the same weight as just one.
- As we grow more comfortable with social media conversations being part of the way we interact every day, we are going to have to learn how to deal with legitimate criticism.
- A new norm will arise where it is considered unacceptable to reply with the same point that dozens of others have already.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Metaphors may map to similar meanings across languages, but their subtle differences can have a profound effect on our understanding of the world.
- Latin scholars point out carpe diem is a horticultural metaphor that, particularly seen in the context of its source, is more accurately translated as “plucking the day,” evoking the plucking and gathering of ripening fruits or flowers, enjoying a moment that is rooted in the sensory experience of nature, unrelated to the force implied in seizing.
- The phrase carpe diem, which is often translated as “seize the day and its accompanying philosophy, has gone on to inspire countless people in how they live their lives and motivates us to see the world a little differently from the norm
- It’s an example of one of the more telling ways that we mistranslate metaphors from one language to another, revealing in the process our hidden assumptions about what we really value.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.
- His idea to use sign language was not a completely new idea as Native Americans used hand gestures to communicate with other tribes.
- Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, for example, observed that men who are deaf are incapable of speech.
- People who were born deaf were denied the right to sign a will as they were “presumed to understand nothing; because it is not possible that they have been able to learn to read or write.”
- Pushback against this prejudice began in the 16th century when Pedro Ponce de León created a formal sign language for the hearing impaired.
- For millennia, people with hearing impairments encountered marginalization because it was believed that language could only be learned by hearing the spoken word.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- People with dyslexia have difficulty with print-reading, and people with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty with mind-reading.
- An example of a lost cognitive instinct is mind-reading: our capacity to think of ourselves and others as having beliefs, desires, thoughts and feelings.
- Mind-reading looks increasingly like literacy, a skill we know for sure is not in our genes, since scripts have been around for only 5,000-6,000 years.
- Print-reading, like mind-reading varies across cultures, depends heavily on certain parts of the brain, and is subject to developmental disorders.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Stat’ signaled something measurable, while ‘matic’ advertised free labour; but ‘tron’, above all, indicated control.
- It was a totem of high modernism, the intellectual and cultural mode that decreed no process or phenomenon was too complex to be grasped, managed andoptimized.
- Like the heraldic shields of ancient knights, these morphemes were painted onto the names of scientific technologies to proclaim one’s history and achievements tofriends and enemies alike.
- The historian Robert Proctor at Stanford University calls the suffix ‘-tron’, along with ‘-matic’ and ‘-stat’, embodied symbols.
- To gain the suffix was to acquire a proud and optimistic emblem of the electronic and atomic age.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Living things—animals and plants—typically exhibit correlational structure.
- Adaptive behaviour depends on cognitive economy, treating objects as equivalent.
- The information we receive from our senses, from the world, typically has structure and order, and is not arbitrary.
- To categorize an object means to consider it equivalent to other things in that category, and different—along some salient dimension—from things that are not.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Conceptualisations of ‘women’s time’ as contrary to clock-time and clock-time as synonymous with economic rationalism are two of the deleterious results of this representation.
- While dichotomies of ‘men’s time’, ‘women’s time’, clock-time, and caring time can be analytically useful, this article argues that everyday caring practices incorporate a multiplicity of times; and both men and women can engage in these multiple-times
- When the everyday practices of working sole fathers and working sole mothers are carefully examined to explore conceptualisations of gendered time, it is found that caring time is often more focused on the clock than generally theorised.
- Clock-time has been consistently represented in feminist literature as a masculine artefact representative of a ‘time is money’ perspective.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- To the uninitiated listener, atonal music can sound like chaotic, random noise.
- Atonality is a condition of music in which the constructs of the music do not ‘live’ within the confines of a particular key signature, scale, or mode.
- After you realize the amount of knowledge, skill, and technical expertise required to compose or perform it, your tune may change, so to speak.
- However, atonality is one of the most important movements in 20th century music.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.
- A particularly interesting example of inference occurs in many single panel comics.
- It’s the creator’s participation and imagination that makes the single-panel comic so engaging and so rewarding.
- Often, the humor requires you to imagine what happened in the instant immediately before or immediately after the panel you’re being shown.
- To get the joke, you actually have to figure out what some of these missing panels must be.
- It is as though the cartoonist devised a series of panels to tell the story and has chosen to show you only one – and typically not even the funniest.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.
- Ocean plastic is problematic for a number of reasons, but primarily because marine animals eat it.
- The largest numerical proportion of ocean plastic falls in small size fractions.
- Aside from clogging up the digestive tracts of marine life, plastic also tends to adsorb pollutants from the water column.
- Plastic in the oceans is arguably one of the most important and pervasive environmental problems today.
- Eating plastic has a number of negative consequences such as the retention of plastic particles in the gut for longer periods than normal food particles.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Such a belief in the harmony of nature requires a purpose presumably imposed by the goodness and wisdom of a deity.
- These parts, all fit together into an integrated, well-ordered system that was created by design.
- Historically, the notion of a balance of nature is part observational, part metaphysical, and not scientific in any way.
- It is an example of an ancient belief system called teleology, the notion that what we call nature has a predetermined destiny associated with its component parts.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out. Choose its number as your answer and key it in.
- Socrates told us that ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’ and that to ‘know thyself’ is the path to true wisdom
- It suggests that you should adopt an ancient rhetorical method favored by the likes of Julius Caesar and known as ‘illeism’ – or speaking about yourself in the third person.
- Research has shown that people who are prone to rumination also often suffer from impaired decision making under pressure and are at a substantially increased risk of depression.
- Simple rumination – the process of churning your concerns around in your head – is not the way to achieve self-realization.
- The idea is that this small change in perspective can clear your emotional fog, allowing you to see past your biases.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- The eventual diagnosis was skin cancer and after treatment all seemed well.
- The viola player didn’t know what it was; nor did her GP.
- Then a routine scan showed it had come back and spread to her lungs.
- It started with a lump on Cathy Perkins’ index finger.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- The woodland’s canopy receives most of the sunlight that falls on the trees.
- Swifts do not confine themselves to woodlands, but hunt wherever there are insects in the air.
- With their streamlined bodies, swifts are agile flyers, ideally adapted to twisting and turning through the air as they chase flying insects – the creatures that form their staple diet.
- Hundreds of thousands of insects fly in the sunshine up above the canopy, some falling prey to swifts and swallows.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- But now we have another group: the unwitting enablers.
- Democracy and high levels of inequality of the kind that have come to characterize the United States are simply incompatible.
- Believing these people are working for a better world, they are, actually, at most, chipping away at the margins, making slight course corrections, ensuring the system goes on as it is, uninterrupted.
- Very rich people will always use money to maintain their political and economic power.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Impartiality and objectivity are fiendishly difficult concepts that can cause all sorts of injustices even if transparently implemented.
- It encourages us into bubbles of people we know and like, while blinding us to different perspectives, but the deeper problem of ‘transparency’ lies in the words “…and much more”.
- Twitter’s website says that “tweets you are likely to care about most will show up first in your timeline…based on accounts you interact with most, tweets you engage with, and much more.”
- We are only told some of the basic principles, and we can’t see the algorithm itself, making it hard for citizens to analyse the system sensibly or fairly or be convinced of its impartiality and objectivity.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Displacement in Bengal is thus not very significant in view of its magnitude.
- A factor of displacement in Bengal is the shifting course of the Ganges leading to erosion of river banks.
- The nature of displacement in Bengal makes it an interesting case study.
- Since displacement due to erosion is well spread over a long period of time, it remains invisible.
- Rapid displacement would have helped sensitize the public to its human costs.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- In many cases time inconsistency is what prevents our going from intention to action.
- For people to continuously postpone getting their children immunized, they would need to be constantly fooled by themselves.
- In the specific case of immunization, however, it is hard to believe that time inconsistency by itself would be sufficient to make people permanently postpone the decision if they were fully cognizant of its benefits.
- In most cases, even a small cost of immunization was large enough to discourage most people.
- Not only do they have to think that they prefer to spend time going to the camp next month rather than today, they also have to believe that they will indeed go next month.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Translators are like bumblebees.
- Though long since scientifically disproved, this factoid is still routinely trotted out.
- Similar pronouncements about the impossibility of translation have dogged practitioners since Leonardo Bruni’s De interpretatione recta, published in 1424.
- Bees, unaware of these deliberations, have continued to flit from flower to flower, and translators continue to translate.
- In 1934, the French entomologist August Magnan pronounced the flight of the bumblebee to be aerodynamically impossible.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Much has been recently discovered about the development of songs in birds.
- Some species are restricted to a single song learned by all individuals, others have a range of songs.
- The most important auditory stimuli for the birds are the sounds of other birds.
- For all bird species there is a prescribed path to development of the final song,
- A bird begins with the subsong, passes through plastic song, until it achieves the species song.
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Our smartphones can now track our diets, our biological cycles, even our digestive systems and sleep-patterns.
- Researchers have even coined a new term, “orthosomnia”, to describe the insomnia brought on by paying too much attention to smartphones and sleep-tracking apps.
- Sleep, nature’ s soft nurse, is a blissful, untroubled state all too easily disturbed by earthly worries or a guilty conscience.
- The existence of a market for such apps is unsurprising: shift work, a long-hours culture and blue light from screens have conspired to rob many of us of sufficient rest.
- A new threat to a good night’ s rest has emerged – smart-phones, with sleep-tracking apps.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- Self-management is thus defined as the ‘individual’s ability to manage the symptoms, treatment, physical and psychosocial consequences and lifestyle changes inherent in living with a chronic condition’.
- Most people with progressive diseases like dementia prefer to have control over their own lives and health-care for as long as possible.
- Having control means, among other things, that patients themselves perform self-management activities.
- Supporting people in decisions and actions that promote self-management is called self-management support requiring a cooperative relationship between the patient, the family, and the professionals.
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- In the era of smart world, however, ‘Universal Basic Income’ is an ineffective instrument which cannot address the potential breakdown of the social contract when large swathes of the population would effectively be unemployed.
- In the era of industrial revolution, the abolition of child labour, poor laws and the growth of trade unions helped families cope with the pressures of mechanised work.
- Growing inequality could be matched by a creeping authoritarianism that is bolstered by technology that is increasingly able to peer into the deepest vestiges of our lives.
- New institutions emerge which recognise ways in which workers could contribute to and benefit by economic growth when, rather than if, their jobs are automated.