Para Jumbles - Previous Year CAT/MBA Questions
The best way to prepare for Para Jumbles is by going through the previous year Para Jumbles CAT questions. Here we bring you all previous year Para Jumbles CAT questions along with detailed solutions.
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The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- They would rather do virtuous side projects assiduously as long as these would not compel them into doing their day jobs more honourably or reduce the profit margins.
- They would fund a million of the buzzwordy programs rather than fundamentally question the rules of their game or alter their own behavior to reduce the harm of the existing distorted, inefficient and unfair rules.
- Like the dieter who would rather do anything to lose weight than actually eat less, the business elite would save the world through social-impact-investing and philanthrocapitalism.
- Doing the right thing — and moving away from their win-win mentality — would involve real sacrifice; instead, it’s easier to focus on their pet projects and initiatives.
Answer: 3241
Text Explanation :
The paragraph is about how the business-elite would continue to work on their projects instead of altering their own behavior. Thus statement 3 is the first statement of the paragraph as it states that just as a dieter would do anything to lose weight but will not decrease the amount of food that he eats, business-elite would do many things to save the world but not relinquish the hold on his pet project. This should be followed by statement 2 as it states that the business-elite would fund many programs but not alter their own behavior which carries forth the idea mentioned in statement 3. There is a 4-1 link as statement 4 talks about the business-elite focusing on their pet-projects rather than changing their win-win mentality while statement 1 mentions about doing virtuous side projects as long as it does not reduce their profit margins.
Hence, the correct answer is 3241.
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- As India looks to increase the number of cities, our urban planning must factor in potential natural disasters and work out contingencies in advance.
- Authorities must revise data and upgrade infrastructure and mitigation plans even if their local area hasn’t been visited by a natural calamity yet.
- Extreme temperatures, droughts, and forest fires have more than doubled since 1980.
- There is no denying the fact that our baseline normal weather is changing.
- It is no longer a question of whether we will be hit by nature’s fury but rather when.
Answer: 3
Text Explanation :
Both statements 3 and 4 can be used as the first sentence of the paragraph. If we start with statement 4, it talks about the change in normal weather conditions. This should be followed by statement 5 which reiterates the fact that we will be hit by nature’s fury in the due course of time due to these changing conditions. There is a clear 1-2 link as statement 1 states how urban planning must take into account potential natural disasters and statement 2 wants authorities to upgrade mitigation plans irrespective of whether or not any area has been visited by any natural calamity. Thus the correct order is 4512. However, statement 3 is the odd one as it mentions only the statistics of natural calamities after a particular time.
Hence, the correct answer is 3.
Workspace:
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4) given in this question, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of four numbers as your answer.
- It was his taxpayers who had to shell out as much as $1.6bn over 10 years to employees of failed companies.
- Companies in many countries routinely engage in such activities which means that the employees are left with unpaid entitlements
- Deliberate and systematic liquidation of a company to avoid liabilities and then restarting the business is called phoenixing.
- The Australian Minister for Revenue and Services discovered in an audit that phoenixing had cost the Australian economy between $2.9bn and $5.1bn last year.
Answer: 3241
Text Explanation :
This is again an easy question. Statements 2 and 3 are about phoenixing of companies in general while statements 1 and 4 are related particularly to Australia. Since statement 3 gives is the definition of phoenixing, it is the opening sentence of the paragraph. This should be followed by statement 2 as it states what effect phoenixing has on the economy. Statement 4 then gives the specific example of Australia wherein phoenixing cost the Australian economy between $2.9 to $5.1 billion last year. Statement 1 is the last sentence of the passage as it was the taxpayers who suffered due to phoenixing.
Hence, the correct answer is 3241.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- The process of handing down implies not a passive transfer, but some contestation in defining what exactly is to be handed down.
- Wherever Western scholars have worked on the Indian past, the selection is even more apparent and the inventing of a tradition much more recognizable.
- Every generation selects what it requires from the past and makes its innovations, some more than others.
- It is now a truism to say that traditions are not handed down unchanged, but are invented.
- Just as life has death as its opposite, so is tradition by default the opposite of innovation.
Answer: 54132
Text Explanation :
Rather than search for the beginning of the paragraph, you could easily spot the two mandatory pairs in the set of five sentences. “… the selection is even more apparent…” in 2 has to be preceded by “Every generation selects” in 3. So, you can be sure that 3-2 is a mandatory pair. The next mandatory pair that you can see is 5-4. Though there is a mention of life and death in sentence 5, all the other sentences talk about tradition – sentence 5 introduces the idea of tradition and sentence 4 continues with what the writer has to say about tradition – that traditions are opposite of innovation but traditions are also invented. In the discovery of 5-4 as a mandatory pair, you can also understand that 5 introduces the theme and is the best sentence for the starter. Hence, 5-4 is the beginning of the answer sequence. After you find these two mandatory pairs, your only task left is to figure out where to place sentence 1. Sentence 1 is ruled out at the beginning. It can be either at the end or between the two mandatory pairs 5-4 and 3-2. “… traditions are not handed down…” in 4 links to “the process of handing down implies…’ in sentence 1. Hence, 5-4-1 is a sequence which is followed by the mandatory pair 3-2.
Hence, the correct answer is 54132.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- Scientists have for the first time managed to edit genes in a human embryo to repair a genetic mutation, fuelling hopes that such procedures may one day be available outside laboratory conditions.
- The cardiac disease causes sudden death in otherwise healthy young athletes and affects about one in 500 people overall.
- Correcting the mutation in the gene would not only ensure that the child is healthy but also prevents transmission of the mutation to future generations.
- It is caused by a mutation in a particular gene and a child will suffer from the condition even if it inherits only one copy of the mutated gene.
- In results announced in Nature this week, scientists fixed a mutation that thickens the heart muscle, a condition called hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Answer: 15243
Text Explanation :
Only sentence 1 can start the paragraph. Since it talks about the scientists being successful for the first time in editing “genes in a human embryo to repair a genetic mutation” it links naturally to sentence 5 which after mentioning where the results were published continues to elaborate on the repair as they “fixed a mutation that thickens the heart muscle. So we get 1-5 at the beginning. The “hypertrophic cardiomyopathy” is elaborated further in sentence 2 as a “cardiac disease that causes sudden death”. So we get the sequence 1-5-2. Sentence 4 comes next as the “It” at the beginning of sentence 4 again refers to the disease and states its cause. So 1-5-2-4 is a sequence which is then concluded by sentence 3.
Hence, the correct answer is 15243.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- The study suggests that the disease did not spread with such intensity, but that it may have driven human migration across Europe and Asia.
- The oldest sample came from an individual who lived in southeast Russia about 5,000 years ago.
- The ages of the skeletons correspond to a time of mass exodus from today’s Russia and Ukraine into western Europe and central Asia, suggesting that a pandemic could have driven these migrations.
- In the analysis of fragments of DNA from 101 Bronze Age skeletons for sequences from Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that causes the disease, seven tested positive.
- DNA from Bronze age human skeletons indicate that the black plague could have emerged as early as 3,000 BCE, long before the epidemic that swept through Europe in mid–1300s.
Answer: 54123
Text Explanation :
The first clue is that sentence 5 starts the paragraph as it introduces the theme and that it is followed by sentence 4. This gives us the beginning of the paragraph as 5-4. After this, the question becomes difficult as the link to the next sentence is not very clear. However, sentence 1 comes immediately after the 5-4 pair because “the epidemic that swept through Europe” in sentence 5 is now continued in sentence 1 after the interruption of sentence 4. Sentence 4 cannot be placed anywhere else in the paragraph. So, we get the 5-4-1 sequence. After this, it is easy to see that sentence 2 and 3 come next in that order. Sentence 2 states that the oldest sample was of 5000 years ago and sentence 3 says that this age corresponds to a time of mass exodus.
Hence, the correct answer is 54123.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- This visual turn in social media has merely accentuated this announcing instinct of ours, enabling us with easy-to-create, easy-to-share, easy-to store and easy-to-consume platforms, gadgets and apps.
- There is absolutely nothing new about us farming the vision of who we are or what we want, visually or otherwise, in our Facebook page, for example.
- Turning the pages of most family albums, which belong to a period well before the digital dissemination of self-created and self-curated moments and images, would reconfirm the basic instinct of documenting our presence in a particular space, on a significant occasion, with others who matter.
- We are empowered to book our faces and act as celebrities within the confinement of our respective friend lists, and communicate our activities, companionship and locations with minimal clicks and touches.
- What is unprecedented is not the desire to put out newsfeeds related to the self, but the ease with which this broadcast operation can now be executed, often provoking (un)anticipated responses from beyond one’s immediate location.
Answer: 32145
Text Explanation :
Sentence 3 is the only possible starter for the paragraph as all other sentences have incomplete references within them.
Sentence 2 follows sentence 3 as it explains that there is nothing new about our tendency to record ourselves in pictures and albums as was stated in sentence 3.
The end of sentence 2, “our Facebook for example” links to sentence 1 with its ‘this visual turn in social media…’ and gives us the 3-2-1 sequence.
Sentence 4 then elaborates on the same idea with reference to ‘our friend lists and … with minimal clicks and touches.”’
Sentence 5 then concludes by commenting on ‘what is unprecedented…’ about social media that it has made it easy to broadcast ourselves.
Hence, 32145.
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- People who study children’s language spend a lot of time watching how babies reacts to the speech they hear around them.
- They make films of adults and babies interacting, and examine them very carefully to see whether the babies show any signs of understanding what the adults say.
- They believe that babies begin to react to language from the very moment they are born.
- Sometimes the signs are very subtle – slight movements of the baby’s eyes or the head or the hands.
- You’d never notice them if you were just sitting with the child, but by watching a recording over and over, you can spot them.
Answer: 3
Text Explanation :
The sentences in the given order describe how the people who study children’s language carry out their study by making films.
Repeated viewing is required by filming children because mere observation may not be sufficient to spot the slightest of movements.
Sentence 3, however describes what they believe, which is not related to the study.
Hence, option (c).
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Neuroscientists have just began studying exercise’s impact within brain cells – on the genes themselves.
- Even there, in the roots of our biology, they’ve found signs of the body’s influence on the mind.
- It turns out that moving our muscles produces proteins that travels through the bloodstream and into the brain, where they play pivotal roles in the mechanisms of our highest thought processes.
- In today’s technology–driven, plasma–screened–in world, it’s easy to forget that we are born movers–animals, in fact – because we’ve engineered movement right out of our lives.
- It’s only in the past few years that neuroscientists have begun to describe these factors and how they work, and each new discovery adds awe–inspiring depth to the picture.
Answer: 4
Text Explanation :
The sentences that form the paragraph are not jumbled up. An out of context sentence is inserted into the paragraph.
The sentences describe the work of neuroscientists who are studying the impact that exercise has on brain cells. In the roots of biology – or in the brain cells – they find that body influences the mind – that any movement of the muscles produces proteins which travel to the brain and affect our thoughts.
It is only recently that neuroscientists have begun to describe this kind of influence of the body on the mind.
From this point of view sentence 4 is out of context – because it comments on the sedentary technology driven life style that we have embraced.
Hence, option (d).
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- The water that made up ancient lakes and perhaps an ocean was lost.
- Particles from the Sun collided with molecules in the atmosphere, knocking them into space or giving them an electric charge that caused them to be swept away by the solar wind.
- Most of the planet’s remaining water is now frozen or buried, but clues over the past decade suggested that some liquid water, a presumed necessity for life, might survive in underground aquifers.
- Data from NASA’s MAVEN orbiter show that solar storms stripped away most of Mars’s once–thick atmosphere.
- A recent study reveals how Mars lost much of its early water, while another indicates that some liquid water remains.
Answer: 1
Text Explanation :
Sentence 5 is the best opening sentence as it introduces the idea that Mars lost some water and still has some in liquid form.
Statements 4 and 2 tell us about how Mars lost its water. While statement 3 tells us about the remaining water.
Hence, correct sequence would be 5423.
Statement 1 is vague and hence odd-one out.
Hence, option (a).
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- The implications of retelling of Indian stories, hence takes on new meaning in a modern India.
- The stories we tell reflect the world around us.
- We cannot help but retell the stories that we value -after all, they are never quite right for us-in our time.
- And even if we manage to get them quite right, they are only right for us-other people living around us will have different reasons for telling similar stories.
- As soon as we capture a story, the world we were trying to capture has changed.
Answer: 25341
Text Explanation :
Among the given options, 2 is clearly the starter sentence as it gives the broad subject that each of the other sentences refers to - stories. 5 follows 2 as it takes the subject of stories to the next point which is that changes happen after a story is created.
Choosing between the remaining sentences, we see that 3 follows 2,5 as 3 mentions how the changes in the world, mentioned in sentence 5, relates to retelling stories that do not seem right, “for our time”.
Sentence 4 clearly follows 2, 5, 3 as it continues where 3 left off and goes on to “even if we manage to get them quite right”.
Sentence 1 concludes the thread of the previous sentences and serves neatly as the last sentence in the para-jumble.
Hence, the correct answer is 25341.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- Before plants can take life from atmosphere, nitrogen must undergo transformation similar to once that food undergoes in our digestive machinery.
- In its aerial form nitrogen in insoluble , unusable and is in need of transformation.
- Lightning starts the series of chemical reactions that need to happen to nitrogen, ultimately helping it nourish our earth.
- Nitrogen-an essential food for plants-is an abundant resource, with about 22million tons of it floating over each square mile of earth.
- One of the most dramatic examples in nature of ill wind that blows goodness is lightning.
Answer: 53421
Text Explanation :
Before we decide which sentence can start the series, we can discern two sequences – 5, 3 and 4,2. Sentence 3 follows sentence 5 as sentence 3 elaborates on how lightning, which may be considered an ill wind, blows goodness, because it starts the series of chemical reactions that ultimately help it to nourish the earth.
Similarly, sentence 2 can be deduced to follow sentence 4. Sentence 4 talks about nitrogen floating over earth and sentence 2 refers to its aerial form.
Between the 2 sequences of 5, 3 and 4, 2, one can see that 4,2 would follow 5,3 instead of the other way round as sentence 4 logically follows from sentence 3. Sentence 3 introduces nitrogen and sentence 4 elaborates on it. Also, the remaining sentence 1, coherently follows after sentence 2. This makes the sequence 5, 3, 4, 2, 1.
Hence, the correct answer is 53421.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- This has huge implications for the health care system as it operates today, where depleted resources and time lead to patients rotating in and out of doctor’s offices, oftentimes receiving minimal care or concern (what is company referred to as “bed side manner) from doctors.
- The placebo effect is when as individual’s medical condition or pain shows signs of improvement based on a fake intervention that has been presented to them as a real one and used to be regularly dismissed by researchers as a psychological effect.
- The placebo effect is not solely based on believing in treatment, however as the clinical setting in which treatment are administered is also paramount.
- That the mind has the power to trigger biochemical changes the individual believes that a given drug or intervention will be effective could empower chronic patients through the notion of our bodies capacity for self-healing.
- Placebo effects are now studied not just as foils for real interventions but as a potential into the self-healing powers of the body.
Answer: 25431
Text Explanation :
Among the sentences, sentence 2 is the obvious starter for the set. The set talks about the placebo effect and its implications – sentence 2 begins the discussion by defining what the placebo effect means. Among the remaining sentences, we can see a connection between sentence 3 and sentence 1 as sentence 3 talks about the ‘clinical settings’ being important and sentence 1 says that ‘this’ has huge implications for the health care system and goes on to talk about the bedside manner of doctors which is a reference to clinical settings.
Sentence 3 itself is likely to follow from sentence 4 as sentence 4 states that the ‘individual believes’ and sentence 3 says ‘…not solely based on believing…however..’. Thus we have the sequence 4, 3, 1.
Sentence 5 is remaining and that fits best after sentence 2 and before the 4, 3, 1 sequence. It indicates the direction of the discussion in 4, 3, 1. Thus we have the sequence 2, 5, 4, 3, 1.
Hence, the correct answer is 25431.
Workspace:
The five sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) given in this question, when properly sequenced, from a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a number. Decide on the proper order for the sentences and key in this sequence of five numbers as your answer.
- Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning and adopted his definitions on the principle of English common law-according to precedent.
- Masking a profound inner torment, Johnson found solace in compiling the words of a language that was, in its coarse complexity and comprehensive genius, the precise analogue of his character.
- Samuel Johnson was a pioneer who raised common sense to heights of genius, and a man of robust popular instincts whose watchwords were clarity, precision and simplicity.
- The 18th century English reader, in the new world of global trade and global warfare, needed a dictionary with authoritative acts of definition of words of a language that was becoming seeded throughout the first British empire by vigorous and practical champion.
- The Johnson who challenged Bishop Berkeley’s solipsist theory of the nonexistence of matter by kicking a large stone (“I refute it thus”) is the same Johnson for whom language must have a daily practical use.
Answer: 43512
Text Explanation :
Sentence 4 begins the set by introducing the need for a dictionary and a suitable champion of such a dictionary.
Sentence 3 follows by introducing Samuel Johnson – the champion of the English dictionary, mentioned in sentence 4. Among 1, 2, and 5, we can see that sentence 5 is the best choice to begin from where sentence 3 left off. It mentions an incident that shows that Johnson was a practical person and that he sought this functionality in language.
Sentence 5 leads to sentence 1 rather than sentence 2 because sentence1 refers to the practical attitude mentioned in sentence 5.
Sentence 2 forms the last sentence, as it refers to the kind of personality that Johnson has been established to be in the previous sentences. The sequence thus formed is 4, 3, 5, 1, 2.
Hence, the correct answer is 43512.
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Although we are born with the gift of language, research shows that we are surprisingly unskilled when it comes to communicating with others.
- We must carefully orchestrate our speech if we want to achieve our goals and bring our dream to fruition.
- We often choose our words without thought, oblivious of the emotional effects they can have on others.
- We talk more than we need to, ignoring the effect we are having on those listening to us.
- We listen poorly, without realizing it, and we often fail to pay attention to the subtle meanings conveyed by facial expressions, body gestures, and the tone and cadence of our voice.
Answer: 2
Text Explanation :
All the sentences cohere around the theme of communication except one. Sentence 1 mentions that we are unskilled at communication. Sentence 3 mentions lack of awareness about the impact of our words. Sentence 4 talks of a similar lack of empathy. Sentence 5 elaborates on the various ways that communication fails. Only sentence 2 stands out as one that does not focus on communication. Instead it talks about the goal of achieving dreams by “orchestrating” speech. It doesn’t mesh with the other sentences and is the odd one out.
Hence, the correct answer is 2.
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Over the past fortnight, one of its finest champions managed to pull off a similar impression.
- Wimbledon’s greatest illusion is the sense of timelessness it evokes.
- At 35 years and 342 days, Roger Federer became the oldest man to win the singles title in the Open Era – a full 14 years after he first claimed the title as a scruffy, pony-tailed upstart.
- Once he had survived the opening week, the second week witnessed the range of a rested Federer’s genius.
- Given that his method isn’t reliant on explosive athleticism or muscular ball-striking, both vulnerable to decay, there is cause to believe that Federer will continue to enchant for a while longer.
Answer: 4
Text Explanation :
While sentences 3, 4, and 5 refer to Roger Federer, sentences 1 and 2 refer to the Wimbledon. Only one sentence is to be eliminated and it is clear that neither 1 nor 2 can be eliminated, as “one of its finest champions” in sentence 1, clearly refers to the lawn in sentence 2 and no other sentence in the set. Sentence 2 cannot remain by itself without sentence 1 as no other references are made to Wimbledon. Sentence 4 on the other hand, is not necessary to either 3 or 5. Sentence 3 follows from 1 – so the two weeks mentioned in sentence 4 are not meaningful in the context of this set. We may eliminate sentence 4.
Hence, the correct answer is 4.
Workspace:
Five sentences related to a topic are given below. Four of them can be put together to form a meaningful and coherent short paragraph. Identify the odd one out.
- Those geometric symbols and aerodynamic swooshes are more than just skin deep.
- The Commonwealth Bank logo – a yellow diamond, with a black chunk sliced out in one corner – is so recognisable that the bank doesn’t even use its full name in its advertising.
- It’s not just logos with hidden shapes; sometimes brands will have meanings or stories within them that are deliberately vague or lost in time, urging you to delve deeper to solve the riddle.
- Graphic designers embed cryptic references because it adds a story to the brand; they want people to spend more time with a brand and have that idea that they are an insider if they can understand the hidden message.
- But the CommonBank logo has more to it than meets the eye, as squirrelled away in that diamond is the Southern Cross constellation.
Answer: 1
Text Explanation :
The set of sentences has as its premise, the significance of corporate logos. Sentences 2 and 5 refer to the commonwealth bank logo. The others do not. Sentence 1 refers to ‘those geometric symbols’ being more than skin deep ; sentence 2 refers to the logo of the commonwealth bank as one that is recognisable ; sentence 3 talks about hidden meanings in logos like a riddle ; sentence 4 refers to embedded cryptic references being added by graphic designers ; the last option refers to a hidden symbol in the commbank logo. Among the lot, only option 1 does not refer to logos or pictorial representations of brands. Thus that is clearly the odd option.
Hence, the correct answer is 1.
Workspace:
In each question, there are five sentences/paragraphs. The sentence/ paragraph labelled A is in its correct place. The four that follow are labelled B, C, D and E, and need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
- In America, highly educated women, who are in stronger position in the labour market than less qualified ones, have higher rates of marriage than other groups.
- Some work supports the Becker thesis, and some appears to contradict it.
- And, as with crime, it is equally inconclusive.
- But regardless of the conclusion of any particular piece of work, it is hard to establish convincing connections between family changes and economic factors using conventional approaches.
- Indeed, just as with crime, an enormous academic literature exists on the validity of the pure economic approach to the evolution of family structures.
- (a)
BCDE
- (b)
DBEC
- (c)
BDCE
- (d)
ECBD
- (e)
EBCD
Answer: Option D
Text Explanation :
When the four statements are studied well, it is very easy to establish that EC and BD are mandatory pairs.
Only statements E and C contain the idea of ‘crime’. Hence one cannot place any other statement along with statement E, but statement C.
In the same way, statements B and D both have reference to written ‘piece of work’, making BD in that order mandatory. Once this is noticed, placing EC and BD in that order with the help of A (fixed) is easy.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
Workspace:
In each question, there are five sentences/paragraphs. The sentence/ paragraph labelled A is in its correct place. The four that follow are labelled B, C, D and E, and need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
- Personal experience of mothering and motherhood are largely framed in relation to two discernible or “official” discourses: the “medical discourse and natural childbirth discourse”. Both of these tend to focus on the “optimistic stories” of birth and mothering and underpin stereotypes of the “godmother”.
- At the same time, the need for medical expert guidance is also a feature for contemporary reproduction and motherhood. But constructions of good mothering have not always been so conceived- and in different contexts may exist in parallel to other equally dominant discourses.
- Similarly, historical work has shown how what are now taken-for-granted aspects of reproduction and mothering practices result from contemporary “pseudoscientific directives” and “managed constructs”. These changes have led to a reframing of modern discourses that pattern pregnancy and motherhood leading to an acceptance of the need for greater expert management.
- The contrasting, overlapping and ambiguous strands within these frameworks focus to varying degrees on a woman’s biological tie to her child and predisposition to instinctively know and be able to care for her child.
- In addition, a third, “unofficial popular discourse” comprising “old wives” tales and based on maternal experiences of childbirth has also been noted. These discourses have also been acknowledged in work exploring the experiences of those who apparently do not “conform” to conventional stereotypes of the “good mother”
- (a)
EDBC
- (b)
BCED
- (c)
DBEC
- (d)
EDCB
- (e)
BCDE
Answer: Option A
Text Explanation :
The "two discernible" or "official discourses" makes it compulsory to place statement E after statement A, because statement E talks about "a third unofficial discourse". (In other words if not placed next to statement A, statement E cannot be placed anywhere else). AE is the first mandatory pair.
'These frameworks' in statement D is explained in statement E so that statement D unless placed next to statement E, will not make sense. (In other words ED too is mandatory.) The idea of motherhood from statement D (biological tie) is continued in statement B. Thus the links in EDB are most obvious.
Statements C and B too are clearly linked because statement B ends with reference to 'dominant discourse' and statement C begins with 'historical work' making EDBC most logical sequence.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.
Workspace:
In each question, there are five sentences/paragraphs. The sentence/ paragraph labelled A is in its correct place. The four that follow are labelled B, C, D and E, and need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
- Indonesia has experienced dramatic shifts in its formal governance arrangements since the fall of President Soeharto and the close of his centralized, authoritarian "New Order" regime in 1997.
- The political system has taken its place in the nearly 10 years since Reformasi began. It has featured the active contest for political office among a proliferation of parties at central, provincial and district levels; direct elections for the presidency (since 2004); and radical changes in centre- local government relations towards administrative, fiscal, and political decentralization.
- The mass media, once tidily under Soeharto's thumb, has experienced significant liberalization as has the legal basis for non-governmental organizations, including many dedicated to such controversial issues as corruption control and human rights.
- Such developments are seen optimistically by a number of donors and some external analysts, who interpret them as signs of Indonesia's political normalization.
- A different group of analysts paint a picture in which the institutional forms have changed, but power relations have not. Vedi Hadiz argues that Indonesia's "democratic transition" has been anything but linear.
- (a)
BDEC
- (b)
CBDE
- (c)
CEBD
- (d)
DEBC
- (e)
BCDE
Answer: Option E
Text Explanation :
As per the options comparing statements B, C and D as the sentences to follow statement A, statement C gets eliminated. Statements B and D are far better sentences to follow statement A than statement C.
The next decisive point is the ‘such developments’ in statement D. As statements A, B, and C are talking about several developments, statement D is best placed at the end of it all, and will mar the structure of the paragraph if placed anywhere in between.
The choice then becomes very clear. Also, the link between statement D and statement E with their ‘some analysts’ (statement D) and ‘different analysts’ (statement E) is also obvious.
Hence, the correct answer is option 5.
Workspace:
In each question, there are five sentences/paragraphs. The sentence/ paragraph labelled A is in its correct place. The four that follow are labelled B, C, D and E, and need to be arranged in the logical order to form a coherent paragraph/passage. From the given options, choose the most appropriate option.
- I had six thousand acres of land, and had thus got much spare land besides the coffee plantation. Part of the farm was native forest, and about one thousand acres were squatters' land, what [the Kikuyu] called their shambas.
- The squatters' land was more intensely alive than the rest of the farm, and was changing with the seasons the year round. The maize grew up higher than your head as you walked on the narrow hard-trampled footpaths in between the tall green rustling regiments.
- The squatters are natives, who with their families hold a few acres on a white man's farm, and in return have to work for him a certain number of days in the year. My squatters, I think, saw the relationship in a different light, for many of them were born on the farm, and their fathers before them, and they very likely regarded me as a sort of superior squatter on their estates.
- The Kikuyu also grew the sweet potatoes that have a vine like leaf and spread over the ground like a dense entangled mat, and many varieties of big yellow and green speckled pumpkins.
- The beans ripened in the fields, were gathered and thrashed by the women, and the maize stalk and coffee pods were collected and burned, so that in certain seasons thin blue columns of smoke rose here and there all over the farm.
- (a)
CBDE
- (b)
BCDE
- (c)
CBED
- (d)
DBCE
- (e)
EDBC
Answer: Option C
Text Explanation :
Either by looking at the options or by reading the sentences in the given order, one can easily see that statement A has to be followed either by statement B or by statement C because they talk about the ‘squatters’ introduced in statement A. (This eliminates options 4 and 5).
A more careful reading of statement B and statement C establishes that since statement C explains the identity of the squatters and statement B talks about their farming, statement B has to follow statement C rather than precede it.
At his stage one has to evaluate/compare only options 1 and 3. Considering statement E and statement D to follow statement B, the link between statement B and statement E because of the “maize” conclusively makes option 3 the answer.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.
Workspace:
Each of the questions below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentences from the options.
- Similarly, turning to caste, even though being lower caste is undoubtedly a separate cause of disparity, its impact is all the greater when the lower-caste families also happen to be poor.
- Belonging to a privileged class can help a woman to overcome many barriers that obstruct women from less thriving classes.
- It is the interactive presence of these two kinds of deprivation - being low class and being female - that massively impoverishes women from the less privileged classes.
- A congruence of class deprivation and gender discrimination can blight the lives of poorer women very severely.
- Gender is certainly a contributor to societal inequality, but it does not act independently of class.
- (a)
EABDC
- (b)
EBDCA
- (c)
DAEBC
- (d)
BECDA
Answer: Option B
Text Explanation :
Statements B, C and D talk about class – which is introduced in statement E, along with gender. Hence, E starts the paragraph.
‘A congruence of class deprivation and gender discrimination’ in statement D and ‘these two kinds of deprivation’ in statement C make DC a mandatory pair.
Statement B can be very easily placed before this pair because of the reference to class and women, making EBDC the best sequence.
The word ‘similarly’ in statement A and the reference to ‘caste’ something similar to class make statement A better after EBDC than after E.
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
Workspace:
Each of the questions below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentences from the options.
- When identity is thus ‘defined by contrast’, divergence with the West becomes central.
- Indian religious literature such as the Bhagavad Gita or the Tantric texts, which are identified as differing from secular writings seen as ‘western’, elicits much greater interest in the West than do other Indian writings, including India's long history of heterodoxy.
- There is a similar neglect of Indian writing on non-religious subjects, from mathematics, epistemology and natural science to economics and linguistics.
- Through selective emphasis that point up differences with the West, other civilizations can, in this way, be redefined in alien terms, which can be exotic and charming, or else bizarre and terrifying, or simply strange and engaging.
- The exception is the Kamasutra in which western readers have managed to cultivate an interest.
- (a)
BDACE
- (b)
DEABC
- (c)
BDECA
- (d)
BCEDA
Answer: Option D
Text Explanation :
Comparing statements B and D for starters as per the options, statement B scores over statement D.
BD versus BC (as per the options) – By several reading of the sentences it is possible to see that BC is mandatory or that statement C cannot be placed next to any other statement available except immediately after statement B because of its ‘there is similar neglect. The neglect is mentioned only in statement B.
BCED and BCDE would have been very difficult to decide. Fortunately we are not required to decide this, because BCED is the only choice.
Statement A then falls automatically at the end of the paragraph.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
Workspace:
Each of the questions below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentences from the options.
- This is now orthodoxy to which I subscribe- up to a point.
- It emerged from the mathematics of chance and statistics.
- Therefore the risk is measurable and manageable.
- The fundamental concept: Prices are not predictable, but the mathematical laws of chance can describe their fluctuations.
- This is how what business schools now call modern finance was born.
- (a)
ADCBE
- (b)
EBDCA
- (c)
ABDCE
- (d)
DCBEA
Answer: Option B
Text Explanation :
The best way to solve this one is not through the options. There are two possibilities for the ‘it’ in statement B. The ‘it’ is either ‘the fundamental concept’ in D (i.e. DB) or ‘modern finance’ in E (i.e. EB).
No other combination even as per the given options (CB and AB) would make sense if the ‘it’ is worked upon.
DB is not in the options. Now, one has to merely check if EBDCA makes sense and there is no other option to compare with.
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
Workspace:
Each of the questions below consists of a set of labelled sentences. These sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentences from the options.
- The two neighbours never fought each other.
- Fights involving three male fiddler crabs have been recorded, but the status of the participants was unknown.
- They pushed or grappled only with the intruder.
- We recorded 17 cases in which a resident that was fighting an intruder was joined by an immediate neighbour, an ally.
- We therefore tracked 268 intruder males until we saw them fighting a resident male.
- (a)
BEDAC
- (b)
DEBAC
- (c)
BDCAE
- (d)
BCEDA
Answer: Option A
Text Explanation :
The ‘they’ in sentence C refers to the two neighbours in sentence A. Therefore, AC is a pair. Therefore options 3 and 4 can be eliminated.
Sentence D introduces the concept of a resident joined by a neighbour in fighting an intruder. Thus, D precedes AC making DAC a mandatory sequence. That leaves us with option 1.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.
Workspace:
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