Discussion

Explanation:

Option (a): The passage never discusses fees collected by literary agents from their clients, so this isn’t what “whole categories of expense” is referring to.

Option (b): The cost of having books printed and bound would remain in both the new point-of-sale model and the traditional model, so “the elimination of whole categories of expense” couldn’t be referring to this.

Option (c): The royalties paid to authors by their publishers would increase under the new model, so this can’t be what “the elimination of whole categories of expense” is referring to.

Option (d): “Whole categories of expense” refers back to the list of costs given in the previous paragraph, which are all specific to the retail trade in traditional printed books—i.e., they are costs that will be eliminated under the new digital publishing model.

Hence, option (d).

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