Question: The passage given below is followed by four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the author’s position.
The conceptualization of landscape as a geometric object first occurred in Europe and is historically related to the European conceptualization of the organism, particularly the human body, as a geometric object with parts having a rational, three-dimensional organization and integration. The European idea of landscape appeared before the science of landscape emerged, and it is no coincidence that Renaissance artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, who studied the structure of the human body, also facilitated an understanding of the structure of landscape. Landscape which had been a subordinate background to religious or historical narratives, became an independent genre or subject of art by the end of sixteenth century or the beginning of the seventeenth century.
Option 1 correctly captures the author’s position as stated in the last two sentence of the paragraph. Retain it. Option 2 is only partly correct as it does not mention who or when landscapes became an independent genre. Option 3 is incorrect as the Renaissance artists only facilitated an understanding of the structure of landscape. Landscapes became an independent subject only in the sixteenth-seventeenth century. Thus it can be negated. Option 4 is incorrect as the last sentence of the paragraph only states that landscape became an independent subject of art at the turn of the sixteenth century. However, it does not imply that it became a major subject of art. Thus option 4 can also be negated.