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Explanation:

The answer to this question is given in paragraphs 3 and 4. Paragraph 3 tells us that the Chinese Emperor lived in the north; hence, in Chinese culture north was placed at the top of the maps in reverence to the emperor. The next paragraph states, “Given that each culture has a very different idea of who, or what, they should look up to it’s perhaps not surprising that there is very little consistency in which way early maps pointed. In ancient Egyptian times the top of the world was east, the position of sunrise. Early Islamic maps favored south at the top because most of the early Muslim cultures were north of Mecca, so they imagined looking up (south) towards it Christian maps from the same era (called Mappa Mundi) put east at the top, towards the Garden of Eden and with Jerusalem in the centre.” Hence only Egyptian maps were influenced by a natural phenomenon like the sunrise. The Chinese, Christian and Islamic maps were influenced by cultural and religious considerations. Options 2, 3 and 4 are thus eliminated.
Hence, the correct answer is option 1.

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