In developing magnetic memory chips to replace the electronic ones, two alternative research paths are being pursued. These are approaches based on
Explanation:
Option 1 is incorrect because volatile and non-volatile memories refer to electronic and magnetic storage technologies respectively. Option 3 is irrelevant and does not answer the question stem about the two alternative research paths being pursued. Option 4 mentions the process of magneto-resistance and the functioning of a magnetic microprocessor, but it too does not answer the question stem. The third paragraph mentions magneto-resistance while the fifth paragraph mentions the approach based on magnetic tunnel-junctions; two alternative research paths in developing magnetic memory chips. This resonates with option 2. Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
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