Public or quasi-public research institutions are more likely than private companies to address the negative consequences of new technologies, because of which of the following reasons?
Explanation:
The passage mentions, “Public research, which is not driven by profit, is better placed to take corrective action.” This makes option 1 correct. The passage also mentions, “but whether they choose to do so depends crucially on the extent of the loss in market for their original introductions on account of the above factors and whether the companies are financially strong enough to absorb the ‘losses’, invest in research to correct the deficiencies and recover the lost market.” This makes option 2 correct as well. The following extract, “Knowledge and techniques for resource management are not ‘marketable’ in the same way as those inputs. Their application to land, water and forests has a long gestation and their efficacy depends on resolving difficult problems such as designing institutions for proper and equitable management of common pool resources. Public or quasi-public research institutions informed by broader, long-term concerns can only do such work.” This makes option 3 correct as well. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
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