According to the author, the British policy during the 'New Imperialism' period tended to be defensive because
Explanation:
Option 1 has been clearly stated in the fifth line of the passage. Option 3 can be eliminated as the author explicitly mentions that the empire did not work towards developing its vast hinterland (end of first paragraph). Option 4 is only partially true, as the empire wanted to stop the development of a native capitalist class. Option 2 goes beyond the scope of the passage. Hence, the correct answer is option 1.
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