Discussion

Explanation:

Rutherford's example is given in the passage to disprove the common assumption made with regard to molecules being perceived as little hard elastic balls. In the same vein, the author goes on to disprove the assumptions made with regard to psychophysical goods such as beer. The quality of the product is equated with its advertising spends, which is an aspect that the author challenges. According to the author, these are not suitable parameters of comparison and hence, a case of apples being compared to oranges.
Options 1 and 3 contradict the information given in the passage.
Beer is not compared to little hard elastic balls, but the assumptions associated with beer and molecules are compared with each other. Eliminate option 4.
Option 5 cannot be inferred from the passage.
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

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