Discussion

Explanation:

The difference is stated in this part of the passage: For the detective “the effort of solving the problem is in itself not a conflict if the adversary (the unknown criminal) remains passive, like Nature, whose secrets the scientist supposedly unravels by deduction.” The basic difference is that scientist deals with passive nature, whereas the detective has to deal with a criminal who may put obstacles (active) in his path. If the criminal remains passive there is no conflict. The reason for the difference in the problem solving process is then because of the difference in the object of the study. The objects of the scientist do not alter themselves because they (phenomena) are being observed. The object of the detective being aware that it (the criminal) is being observed/or may be observed tries to hide or mislead the detective. This is the reason for the difference in the problem solving process.
Option 1 states the difference as merely “inanimate vs. living”. Option 2 states the difference as “known vs. unknown” – not sufficient to change the process. What we are looking for is active vs. passive. Options 1 and 2 can both be passive.
Option 4 states that scientists study psychologically interesting phenomenon. This is contrary to the passage.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3.

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