Discussion

Explanation:

Option 1 is incorrect as the author clearly states that being a specialist does not necessarily make one a public intellectual. Thus it can be negated. The third sentence of the second paragraph states that today’s intellectual should also take a stand about social issues. However, the passage does not state that public intellectuals of the past concerned themselves with social issues. Thus option 2 is incorrect and can be negated. As per the tenth sentence of the second paragraph, the thoughts of a public intellectual should emerge from logical analysis. This is a general statement about the intellectuals and not related to past or present. Thus option 3 can be negated. The seventh sentence of the second paragraph clearly states that public intellectuals of the past distance themselves from vested interests. The eleventh sentence of the same paragraph clearly states that intellectuals of today hesitate to defend something that is right. Thus option 4 correctly differentiates the intellectuals of the past and the present.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

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