Which one of the following explains the “contradictory pulls” on Indian nationalism?
Explanation:
The passage starts by describing the 'contradictory pulls' on Indian nationalist ideology.
West dominated in science, technology, economic organization and modern methods of statecraft. To overcome this domination, instead of fighting the colonialists on this front, colonized people 'had to learn those superior techniques of organizing material life and incorporate them within their own cultures'.
In other words, despite its fight against colonial domination, Indian nationalism had adopted Western ideas in the material sphere.
Hence, option (d).
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